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By the first 100 years A.D., wine was being exported from Italy to Spain, Germany, and France. It wasen't long before these countries ended up developing their own vineyards. Over the next few centries France had become the dominant producer of wines on the world market. Monastaries are known to have been reponsible for establishing several of the most sought after wines in the vineyards of France. Exploration and settlement brought wine to Mexico, Argentina, and South Africa in the 1500's and 1600's. Considered to be the father of the California Wine Industry, Jean-Louis Vignes planted the first European wine vines in northern California. He founded the Buena Vista Winery in 1857, which boasts 1,000 acres of vineyards in both Sonoma and Napa counties, and produces over half a million bottles of wine per year!
Made from fermented grape juice, wine is classified into 3 basic types: Natural, Sparkling, & Fortified. Natural wines may be Red, White, & Rose, and be classified in taste as Dry, Medium, or Sweet. Sparkling wines are given a 2nd fermatation in which added yeast eats up the sugar in the wine and produces carbon dioxide to give the wine a carbonated nature, much like soda pop. Tiny bubbles noticed in sparkling wines are from this natural process, while larger bubbles indicate carbon dioxide was added by machine. Fortified wines, such as Port, Sherry, Marsala, Vermouth, Maderia, Muscat, and Sangria, were made to have a longer shelf life. While there are spirits that are made from wine, the fortification process is created by when alcohol is added to the wine, thus killing the yeast before the fermintation process is completed, which leaves residual sugar. The higher levels of alcohol and sweetness help to preserve the wine longer. Wine is usually aged for several years in wood barrels, allowing the wood to influence the characteristics of the wine from taste, color, depth, complexity, and so on.
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Sow's Ear Winery
303 Coastal Road, Brooksville, ME 04617 Map
207 326-4649
Blacksmith Winery
967 Quaker Ridge Road, Casco, ME 04015 Map
207 655-3292
Cellar Door Winery
367 Youngtown Road, Lincolnville, ME 04849 Map
207 763-4478
Vintners Cellar Winery of Portland
1037 Forest Avenue, Portland, ME 04103 Map
207 878-1119
Cellar Door Winery
47 West St, Rockport, ME 04856 Map
207 236-2654
Sweetgrass Farm Winery
325 Carroll Road, Union, ME 04862 Map
207 785-3024
Winterport Winery
279 S Main St, Winterport, ME 04496 Map
207 223-4500
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